Turkmenistan coordinates its space programme through the Turkmenistan National Space Agency. It oversees projects such as the Turkmenistan’s National Communications Satellite. Its defence is operated by the Ministry of Defence of Turkmenistan which is responsible for implementing the country’s defence policies, safeguarding national sovereignty, and overseeing the Armed Forces.

Key contemporary positions of Turkmenistan include its political commitment not to be the first to place weapons in outer space.