Tajikistan is a member of the International Telecommunication Union and the Hague Code of Conduct Against Ballistic Missile Proliferation, and is party to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty. The country has strengthened bilateral cooperation in information security and the peaceful exploration and use of outer space, while the Ministry of Defence plays a central role in national security and defence-related activities.

Key contemporary positions of Tajikistan include its political commitment not to be the first to place weapons in outer space.