The People’s Republic of China has an integrated civilian and military outer space programme. The civilian outer space authority is the China National Space Administration (CNSA), which is under the management of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. China’s space activities and projects are guided by white papers functioning as Five Year Plan’s, the latest being China's Space Program: A 2021 Perspective. Space sector-specific Five Year Plans chart out the implementation of defined areas such as the 11th Five-Year Plan on Aerospace Development and 11th Five-Year Plan on Space Science Development.

Reporting to the State Council, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense regulates policy for military aerospace and technological industry development. The Strategic Support Forces and Rocket Army are the main bodies in charge of space defence and security responsibilities. Key space security initiatives also include the submission of a draft Treaty on the Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space, the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects with the Russian Federation in 2008 to the Conference on Disarmament. In 2014 a new draft was submitted.