Brazil's space program is structured through the National System for the Development of Space Activities (SINDAE). SINDAE is a cross government coordination system which facilitates the creation and implementation of the National Program for Space Activities (PNAE), the guiding document for Brazil's space activity. The Brazilian Space Agency is a primary agency under SINDAE and is responsible for formulating proposals to update and implement the PNAE.

SINDAE facilitates coordination between civilian and military entities to address national security goals. The Institute of Aeronautics and Space is one of the primary agencies responsible for research, development and project management concerning aeronautics, access to space and defence. The National Defense Strategy of Brazil released in 2020, allocates the space sector as one of its three sectors that carry strategic importance for Brazil.

Key space security initiatives include Brazil's political commitment not to be the first to place weapons in outer space.