Belgium's space activities consist of civilian and military components. The Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), also known as the Federal Science Policy or Federal Public Planning Service Science Policy oversees the Department of Space Research and Applications. The Department works on space science policy and research; and industrial policy and technology. Additionally, the Department manages Belgian's space programmes, including R&D in Earth Observation. 

The Ministry of Defence is responsible for key documents development including the STAR Plan which contains references to the development of a space defence strategy until 2030. 

Other prime sources of information include the Belgium Space Strategy by BELSPO and Belgium's first National Security Strategy. The Act of 17 September 2005, revised by the Act of 1 December 2013, constitute the cornerstone of space law in Belgium. It establishes a national legal framework for the space sector and guarantees the security of space operations under Belgium's jurisdiction while reinforcing Belgium's implementation of relevant international treaties.

In addition, as a member State to the European Union, Belgium adheres to the EU space framework including key positions such as the Space Strategy for Europe and the European Union Space Strategy for Security and Defence, and the political commitment not to conduct destructive, direct-ascent anti-satellite (ASAT) missile testing.